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The purpose of this study was to present age- and sex-specific distributions of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and to evaluate their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. A total of 7404 participants aged 10–18 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were included as the reference population. The TyG index was calculated as ln(fasting triglyceride [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). The percentile of the TyG index exhibited a steady linear relationship with age for both sexes. TyG index significantly correlated with waist circumference (WC) standard deviation score (SDS; r = 0.110,  p  &lt; 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP; r = 0.104,  p  &lt; 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; r = 0.083,  p  &lt; 0.001), glucose (r = 0.220,  p  &lt; 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; r = − 0.325,  p  &lt; 0.001), and triglycerides (TG; r = 0.926,  p  &lt; 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the TyG index was significantly associated with WC SDS (β = 0.116,  p  &lt; 0.001), SBP (β = 2.009,  p  &lt; 0.001), DBP (β = 1.464,  p  &lt; 0.001), glucose (β = 3.376,  p  &lt; 0.001), HDL-C (β =  − 6.431,  p  &lt; 0.001), and TG (β = 85.518,  p  &lt; 0.001). Our results suggest that the TyG index has a steady linear distribution for sex and age in children and adolescents and constitutes an indicator for predicting metabolic disorders that could lead to cardiovascular disease later in life.

A population-based study of TyG index distribution and its relationship to cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents