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Intracellular pathogens need to establish an intracellular replicative niche to promote survival and replication within the hostile environment inside the host cell.  Salmonella enterica  serovar Typhimurium ( S.  Typhimurium) initiates formation of the unique  Salmonella -containing vacuole and an extensive network of  Salmonella- induced tubules in order to survive and thrive within host cells. At least six effectors secreted by the type III secretion system encoded within  Salmonella  pathogenicity island-2 (SPI-2), namely SifA, SopD2, PipB2, SteA, SseJ, and SseF, purportedly manipulate host cell intracellular trafficking and establish the intracellular replicative niche for  S.  Typhimurium. The phenotypes of these effectors are both subtle and complex, complicating elucidation of the mechanism underpinning host cell manipulation by  S.  Typhimurium. In this work we used stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and a  S.  Typhimurium mutant that secretes increased amounts of effectors to identify cognate effector binding partners during infection. Using this method, we identified the host protein annexin A2 (AnxA2) as a binding partner for both SopD2 and PipB2 and were able to confirm its binding to SopD2 and PipB2 by reciprocal pull down, although there was a low level of non-specific binding of SopD2-2HA and PipB2-2HA to the Ni-Sepharose beads present. We further showed that knockdown of AnxA2 altered the intracellular positioning of the  Salmonella  containing vacuole (SCV). This suggests that AnxA2 plays a role in the subcellular positioning of the SCV which could potentially be mediated through protein–protein interactions with either SopD2 or PipB2. This demonstrates the value of studying effector interactions using proteomic techniques and natural effector delivery during infection rather than transfection.

Quantitative proteomic screen identifies annexin A2 as a host target for Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 effectors SopD2 and PipB2