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The alga  Euglena gracilis  ( E. gracilis ) has recently gained attention as a health food, but its effects on human gut microbiota remain unknown. This study aimed to determine the effect of  E. gracilis  on gut microbiota and defecation due to modulation of microbiota composition in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro model simulating human colonic microbiota revealed that  E. gracilis  addition stimulated the growth of commensal  Faecalibacterium . Further,  E. gracilis  addition enhanced butyrate production by  Faecalibacterium prausnitzii . Paramylon, an insoluble dietary fibre that accumulates in  E. gracilis  and is the main component of  E. gracilis , did not stimulate  Faecalibacterium  growth in vitro. Daily ingestion of 2 g of  E. gracilis  for 30 days increased bowel movement frequency as well as stool volume in 28 human participants. Collectively, these findings indicate that  E. gracilis  components other than paramylon, stimulate the growth of  Faecalibacterium  to improve digestive health as well as promote defecation by increasing butyrate production.

The alga Euglena gracilis stimulates Faecalibacterium in the gut and contributes to increased defecation