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Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalase (TRE) directly regulate trehalose metabolism and indirectly regulate chitin metabolism in insects. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and RNA interference (RNAi) were used to detect the expressions and functions of the ApTPS and ApTRE genes. Abnormal phenotypes were found after RNAi of  ApTRE  in the  Acyrthosiphon pisum . The molting deformities were observed in two color morphs, while wing deformities were only observed in the red morphs. The RNAi of  ApTPS  significantly down-regulated the expression of chitin metabolism-related genes, UDP-N-acetyglucosamine pyrophosphorylase ( ApUAP ), chitin synthase 2 ( Apchs-2 ), Chitinase 2, 5 ( ApCht2 ,  5 ), endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase ( ApENGase ) and chitin deacetylase ( ApCDA ) genes at 24 h and 48 h; The RNAi of  ApTRE  significantly down-regulated the expression of  ApUAP ,  ApCht1 ,  2 ,  8  and  ApCDA  at 24 h and 48 h, and up-regulated the expression of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase ( ApGPI ) and Knickkopf protein ( ApKNK ) genes at 48 h. The RNAi of  ApTRE  and  ApTPS  not only altered the expression of chitin metabolism-related genes but also decreased the content of chitin. These results demonstrated that  ApTPS  and  ApTRE  can regulate the chitin metabolism, deepen our understanding of the biological functions, and provide a foundation for better understanding the molecular mechanism of insect metamorphosis.

RNA interference of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalase genes regulates chitin metabolism in two color morphs of Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris