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The conversion of natural grassland to semi-natural or artificial ecosystems is a large-scale land-use change (LUC) commonly occurring to saline–alkaline land. Conversion of natural to artificial ecosystems, with addition of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) fertilizer, influences N availability in the soil that may result in higher N 2 O emission along with depletion of  15 N, while converting from natural to semi-natural the influence may be small. So, this study assesses the impact of LUC on N 2 O emission and  15 N in N 2 O emitted from naturally occurring saline–alkaline soil when changing from natural grassland  (Phragmites australis)  to semi-natural [ Tamarix chinensis  (Tamarix)] and to cropland ( Gossypium  spp.). The grassland and Tamarix ecosystems were not subject to any management practice, while the cropland received fertilizer and irrigation. Overall, median N 2 O flux was significantly different among the ecosystems with the highest from the cropland (25.3 N 2 O-N µg m −2  h −1 ), intermediate (8.2 N 2 O-N µg m −2  h −1 ) from the Tamarix and the lowest (4.0 N 2 O-N µg m −2  h −1 ) from the grassland ecosystem. The  15 N isotopic signatures in N 2 O emitted from the soil were also significantly affected by the LUC with more depleted from cropland (− 25.3 ‰) and less depleted from grassland (− 0.18 ‰). Our results suggested that the conversion of native saline–alkaline grassland with low N to Tamarix or cropland is likely to result in increased soil N 2 O emission and also contributes significantly to the depletion of the  15 N in atmospheric N 2 O, and the contribution of anthropogenic N addition was found more significant than any other processes.

Nitrogen isotopic signatures and fluxes of N2O in response to land-use change on naturally occurring saline–alkaline soil