English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Aberdeen Angus calves were sacrificed from immediately post-birth up to 96 days of age (DOA) and ileal samples were collected for microbial, histological and immunological analyses.  Firmicutes  bacteria were established immediately in the ileum of calves after birth and remained the dominant phyla at all time points from birth until 96 DOA. Temporal shifts in phyla reflected significantly increased  Bacteroidetes  at birth followed by temporal increases in  Actinobacteria  abundance over time. At a cellular level, a significant increase in cell density was detected in the ileal villi over time. The innate cell compartment at birth was composed primarily of eosinophils and macrophages with a low proportion of adaptive T lymphocytes; whereas an increase in the relative abundance of T cells (including those in the intra-epithelial layer) was observed over time. The ileal intestinal cells were immunologically competent as assessed by expression levels of genes encoding the inflammasome sensor  NLRP3 , and inflammatory cytokines  IL1A ,  IL1B  and  IL33 —all of which significantly increased from birth. In contrast, a temporal reduction in genes encoding anti-inflammatory cytokine  IL10  was detected from birth. This study provides an integrated baseline of microbiological, histological and immunological data on the immune adaptation of the neonatal ileum to microbial colonisation in calves.

Integrated analyses of the microbiological, immunological and ontological transitions in the calf ileum during early life