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In many developing countries, there are certain health problems faced by the public, one among them is Malaria. This tropical disease is mainly caused by  Plasmodium falciparum . It is categorized as a disaster to public health, which increases both mortality and morbidity. Numerous drugs are in practice to control this disease and their vectors. Eco-friendly control tools are required to battle against vector of this significant disease. Nanotechnology plays a major role in fighting against malaria. The present paper synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using zinc nitrate via simple green routes with the help of aqueous peel extract of  Lagenaria siceraria  ( L. siceraria ). The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by various biophysical methods. Moreover, the extract of  L. siceraria  and their mediated ZnO NPs was experimented against III instar larvae of  An. stephensi . The impact of the treatment based on ZnO NPs concerning histology and morphology of mosquito larval was further observed. In the normal laboratory environment, the efficiency of predation of  Poeciliareticulata  ( P. reticulata)  against  An. Stephensi  larvae was found to be 44%, whereas in aqueous  L. siceraria  extract and its mediated ZnO NPs contaminated environment,  P. reticulate  showed predation efficiency of about 45.8% and 61.13% against  An. Stephensi  larva.  L. siceraria  synthesized ZnO NPs were examined against the  Plasmodium falciparum  CQ-sensitive strains. The  L. siceraria  extract and its mediated ZnO NPs showed the cytotoxic effects against HeLa cell lines with an IC 50  value of 62.5 µg/mL. This study concludes that  L. siceraria  peel extract and  L. siceraria  synthesized ZnO NPs represent a valuable green option to fight against malarial vectors and parasites.

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Enhancing malaria control using Lagenaria siceraria and its mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles against the vector Anopheles stephensi and its parasite Plasmodium falciparum