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Huanglongbing (HLB), caused mainly by ‘ Candidatus  Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), is the most devastating citrus disease because all commercial species are susceptible. HLB tolerance has been observed in  Poncirus trifoliata  and their hybrids. A wide-ranging transcriptomic analysis using contrasting genotypes regarding HLB severity was performed to identify the genetic mechanism associated with tolerance to HLB. The genotypes included  Citrus sinensis, Citrus sunki, Poncirus trifoliata  and three distinct groups of hybrids obtained from crosses between  C. sunki  and  P. trifoliata.  According to bacterial titer and symptomatology studies, the hybrids were clustered as susceptible, tolerant and resistant to HLB. In  P. trifoliata  and resistant hybrids, genes related to specific pathways were differentially expressed, in contrast to  C. sinensis ,  C. sunki  and susceptible hybrids, where several pathways were reprogrammed in response to CLas. Notably, a genetic tolerance mechanism was associated with the downregulation of gibberellin (GA) synthesis and the induction of cell wall strengthening. These defense mechanisms were triggered by a class of receptor-related genes and the induction of WRKY transcription factors. These results led us to build a hypothetical model to understand the genetic mechanisms involved in HLB tolerance that can be used as target guidance to develop citrus varieties or rootstocks with potential resistance to HLB.

Wide-ranging transcriptomic analysis of Poncirus trifoliata, Citrus sunki, Citrus sinensis and contrasting hybrids reveals HLB tolerance mechanisms