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Most commercial microfluidic droplet generators rely on the planarflow-focusing configuration implemented in polymer or glass chips. The planargeometry, however, suffers from many limitations and drawbacks, such as theneed of specific coatings or the use of dedicated surfactants, depending on thefluids in play. On the contrary, and thanks to their axisymmetric geometry,glass capillary-based droplet generators are a priori not fluid-dependent.Nevertheless, they have never reached the market because their assemblyrequires art-dependent and not scalable fabrication techniques. Here we presenta new device, called Raydrop, based on the alignment of two capillariesimmersed in a pressurized chamber containing the continuous phase. Thedispersed phase exits one of the capillaries through a 3D-printed nozzle,placed in front of the extraction capillary for collecting the droplets. Thisnon-embedded implementation of an axisymmetric flow-focusing is referred to{\it co-flow-focusing}. Experimental results demonstrate the universality ofthe device in terms of the variety of fluids that can be emulsified, as well asthe range of droplet radii that can be obtained, without neither the need ofsurfactant nor coating. Additionally, numerical computations of theNavier-Stokes equations based on the quasi-steadiness assumption are shown tocorrectly predict the droplet radius in the dripping regime and thedripping-jetting transition when varying the geometrical and fluid parameters.The monodispersity ensured by the dripping regime, the robustness of thefabrication technique, the optimization capabilities from the numericalmodeling and the universality of the configuration confer to the Raydroptechnology a very high potential in the race towards high-throughput dropletgeneration processes.

Raydrop : a universal droplet generator based on a non-embedded co-flow-focusing