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Night shift work can associate with an increased risk for depression. As night workers experience a ‘misalignment’ between their circadian system and daily sleep–wake behaviors, with negative health consequences, we investigated whether exposure to circadian misalignment underpins mood vulnerability in simulated shift work. We performed randomized within-subject crossover laboratory studies in non-shift workers and shift workers. Simulated night shifts were used to induce a misalignment between the endogenous circadian pacemaker and sleep/wake cycles (circadian misalignment), while environmental conditions and food intake were controlled. Circadian misalignment adversely impacted emotional state, such that mood and well-being levels were significantly decreased throughout 4 days of continuous exposure to circadian misalignment in non-shift workers, as compared to when they were under circadian alignment (interaction of “circadian alignment condition” vs. “day”, mood:  p  < 0.001; well-being:  p  < 0.001; adjusted  p -values). Similarly, in shift workers, mood and well-being levels were significantly reduced throughout days of misalignment, as compared to circadian alignment (interaction of “circadian alignment condition” vs. “day”, mood:  p  = 0.002; well-being:  p  = 0.002; adjusted  p -values). Our findings indicate that circadian misalignment is an important biological component for mood vulnerability, and that individuals who engage in shift work are susceptible to its deleterious mood effects.

Circadian misalignment increases mood vulnerability in simulated shift work