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Herbivorous insects use plant volatile compounds to find their host plants for feeding and egg deposition. The monophagous beetle  Agasicles hygrophila  uses a volatile (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonanetriene (DMNT) to recognize its host plant  Alternanthera philoxeroides .  Alternanthera philoxeroides  releases DMNT in response to  A. hygrophila  attack and nerolidol synthase (NES) is a key enzyme in DMNT biosynthesis; however, the effect of  A. hygrophila  on  NES  expression remains unclear. In this study, the  A. philoxeroides  transcriptome was sequenced and six putative  NES  genes belonging to the terpene synthase-g family were characterized. The expression of these  NES  genes was assayed at different times following  A. hygrophila  contact, feeding or mechanical wounding. Results showed that  A. hygrophila  contact and feeding induced  NES  expression more rapidly and more intensely than mechanical wounding alone. This may account for a large release of DMNT following  A. hygrophila  feeding in a previous study and subsequently facilitate  A. hygrophila  to find host plants. Our research provides a powerful genetic platform for studying invasive plants and lays the foundation for further elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between  A. philoxeroides  and its specialist  A. hygrophila .

Agasicles hygrophila attack increases nerolidol synthase gene expression in Alternanthera philoxeroides, facilitating host finding