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The genus  Listeria  comprises ubiquitous bacteria, commonly present in foods and food production facilities. In this study, three different phage display technologies were employed to discover targets, and to generate and characterize novel antibodies against  Listeria : antibody display for biomarker discovery and antibody generation; ORFeome display for target identification; and single-gene display for epitope characterization. With this approach, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex—enzyme 2 (PDC-E2) was defined as a new detection target for  Listeria , as confirmed by immunomagnetic separation-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS). Immunoblot and fluorescence microscopy showed that this protein is accessible on the bacterial cell surface of living cells. Recombinant PDC-E2 was produced in  E. coli  and used to generate 16 additional antibodies. The resulting set of 20 monoclonal scFv-Fc was tested in indirect ELISA against 17  Listeria  and 16 non- Listeria  species. Two of them provided 100% sensitivity (CI 82.35–100.0%) and specificity (CI 78.20–100.0%), confirming PDC-E2 as a suitable target for the detection of  Listeria . The binding region of 18 of these antibodies was analyzed, revealing that ≈ 90% (16/18) bind to the lipoyl domains (LD) of the target. The novel target PDC-E2 and highly specific antibodies against it offer new opportunities to improve the detection of  Listeria .

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex—enzyme 2, a new target for Listeria spp. detection identified using combined phage display technologies