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Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (SCNECC) is a highly invasive cervical cancer. The immunohistochemical criteria is an important aspect for assistant diagnosis of SCNECC. However, which markers can be appropriate selection for diagnosing SCNECC were not determined. The aim was to systematically evaluate expression levels of four neuroendocrine markers (containing synaptophysin (Syn), neural cell adhesion molecules (CD56), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and chromograninA (CgA)) and to find out the appropriate selection for diagnosing SCNECC. Four English and three Chinese libraries were retrieved between 1984 and 2020. 23 studies about NSE, 36 studies about Syn, 23 studies about CD56 and 36 studies about CgA (all studies containing 581 patients) were eligible for meta-analyses. The pooled positive expression percentages (95% CI; I 2 ) were as follows: 84.84% (79.41–90.27%; 76.7%) for Syn, 84.53% (79.43–89.96%; 37.5%) for CD56, 77.94% (69.13–86.76%; 83.5%) for NSE, and 72.90% (67.40–78.86%; 59.7%) for CgA. The positive proportions (95% CI; I 2 ) ranked top three of simultaneous expressions of two markers were 87.75% (82.03–93.87%, 33.3%) for Syn and CD56, 70.92% (50.50–87.68%, 82.7%) for Syn and NSE, 65.65% (53.33–76.98%, 73.5%) for Syn and CgA. This confirms that Syn and CD56 are reliable indicators for diagnosing SCNECC.

Diagnostic value of four neuroendocrine markers in small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the cervix: a meta-analysis