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Regulatory CD19 + CD24 hi CD27 +  B cells were proved to be numerically decreased and functionally impaired in the peripheral blood (PB) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with the potential of converting into osteoclast-priming cells. However, the distribution and function of CD19 + CD24 hi CD27 +  B cells in RA synovial fluid (SF) were unclear. In this study, we investigated whether RA SF CD19 + CD24 hi CD27 +  B cells were increased and associated with bone destruction. We found that the proportion of RA SF CD19 + CD24 hi CD27 +  B cells was increased significantly, and was positively correlated with swollen joint counts, tender joint counts and disease activity. CXCL12, CXCL13, CCL19 contributed to the recruitment of CD19 + CD24 hi CD27 +  B cells in RA SF. Notably, CD19 + CD24 hi CD27 +  B cells in the SF from RA expressed significantly more RANKL compared to OA and that in the PB from RA. Critically, RA CD19 + CD24 hi CD27 +  B cells promoted osteoclast (OC) differentiation in vitro, and the number of OCs was higher in cultures with RA SF CD19 + CD24 hi CD27 +  B cells than in those derived from RA PB. Collectively, these findings revealed the accumulation of CD19 + CD24 hi CD27 +  B cells in SF and their likely contribution to joint destruction in RA. Modulating the status of CD19 + CD24 hi CD27 +  B cells might provide novel therapeutic strategies for RA.

Accumulation of synovial fluid CD19+CD24hiCD27+ B cells was associated with bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis