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We found substantial variation in resistance to the fly-specific pathogen  Entomophthora muscae  'Berkeley' (Entomophthoromycota), in 20 lines from the  Drosophila melanogaster  Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP). Resistance to  E. muscae  is positively (r = 0.55) correlated with resistance to the broad host range ascomycete entomopathogen  Metarhizium anisopliae  (Ma549), indicative of generalist (non-specific) defenses. Most of the lines showing above average resistance to Ma549 showed cross-resistance to  E. muscae . However, lines that succumbed quickly to Ma549 exhibited the full range of resistance to  E. muscae . This suggests fly populations differ in  E. muscae -specific resistance mechanisms as well as generic defences effective against both Ma549 and  E. muscae . We looked for trade-offs that could account for inter-line variation, but increases (decreases) in disease resistance to  E. muscae  are not consistently associated with increases (decreases) of resistance to oxidative stress, starvation stress and sleep indices. That these pathogens are dynamic agents of selection on hosts is reflected in this genetic variation for resistance in lines derived from wild populations.

Genetic variation for resistance to the specific fly pathogen Entomophthora muscae