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The aim of this study was to analyze the metabolic and molecular profile according to physical fitness status (Low or High VO 2max ) and its impacts on peripheral and cellular inflammatory responses in healthy men. First ( Phase I) , inflammatory profile (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10) was analyzed at baseline and post-acute exercise sessions performed at low (< 60% VO 2max ) and high (> 90% VO 2max ) intensities considering the individual endotoxin concentrations. Next ( Phase II),  monocyte cell cultures were treated with LPS alone or associated with Rosiglitazone (PPAR-γ agonist drug) to analyze cytokine production and gene expression. Monocyte subsets were also evaluated by flow cytometry. A positive relationship was observed between LPS concentrations and oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) (r = 0.368; p = 0.007); however, in the post-exercise an inverse correlation was found between LPS variation (Δ%) and VO 2max  (r = -0.385; p = 0.004). With the low-intensity exercise session, there was inverse correlation between LPS and IL-6 concentrations post-exercise (r = -0.505; p = 0.046) and a positive correlation with IL-10 in the recovery (1 h post) (r = 0.567; p = 0.011), whereas with the high-intensity exercise an inverse correlation was observed with IL-6 at pre-exercise (r = -0.621; p = 0.013) and recovery (r = -0.574; p = 0.016). When monocyte cells were treated with LPS, High VO 2max  individuals showed higher PPAR-γ gene expression whereas Low VO 2max  individuals displayed higher IL-10 production. Additionally, higher TLR-4, IKK1, and PGC-1α gene expression were observed in the High VO 2max  group than Low VO 2max  individuals. In conclusion, even with elevated endotoxemia, individuals with High VO 2max  exhibited higher IL-6 concentration in peripheral blood post-acute aerobic exercise and lower IL-10 concentration during recovery (1 h post-exercise). The anti-inflammatory effects linked with exercise training and physical fitness status may be explained by a greater gene expression of IKK1, TLR-4, and PGC-1α, displaying an extremely efficient cellular framework for the PPAR-γ responses.

Physical fitness status modulates the inflammatory proteins in peripheral blood and circulating monocytes: role of PPAR-gamma