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Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs/P450s), heme thiolate proteins, are well known for their role in organisms’ primary and secondary metabolism. Research on eukaryotes such as animals, plants, oomycetes and fungi has shown that P450s profiles in these organisms are affected by their lifestyle. However, the impact of lifestyle on P450 profiling in bacteria is scarcely reported. This study is such an example where the impact of lifestyle seems to profoundly affect the P450 profiles in the bacterial species belonging to the phylum  Firmicutes . Genome-wide analysis of P450s in 972  Firmicutes  species belonging to 158 genera revealed that only 229 species belonging to 37 genera have P450s; 38% of  Bacilli  species, followed by 14% of  Clostridia  and 2.7% of other  Firmicutes  species, have P450s. The pathogenic or commensal lifestyle influences P450 content to such an extent that species belonging to the genera  Streptococcus ,  Listeria ,  Staphylococcus ,  Lactobacillus ,  Lactococcus  and  Leuconostoc  do not have P450s, with the exception of a handful of  Staphylococcus  species that have a single P450. Only 18% of P450s are found to be involved in secondary metabolism and 89 P450s that function in the synthesis of specific secondary metabolites are predicted. This study is the first report on comprehensive analysis of P450s in  Firmicutes .

Impact of lifestyle on cytochrome P450 monooxygenase repertoire is clearly evident in the bacterial phylum Firmicutes