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Nanostructured TiO 2  coatings were successfully formed on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) films in aqueous solutions. They contained an assembly of nanoneedles that grow perpendicular to the films. The surface area of the coatings on PET films reached around 284 times that of a bare PET film. Micro-, nano-, or subnanosized surface roughness and inside pores contributed to the high nitrogen adsorption. The coatings on FTO films showed an acetaldehyde removal rate of 2.80 μmol/h; this value is similar to those of commercial products certified by the Photocatalysis Industry Association of Japan. The rate increased greatly to 10.16 μmol/h upon annealing in air at 500 °C for 4 h; this value exceeded those of commercial products. Further, the coatings showed a NO x  removal rate of 1.04 μmol/h; this value is similar to those of commercial products. The rate decreased to 0.42 μmol/h upon annealing. NO x  removal was affected by the photocatalyst’s surface area rather than its crystallinity.

Bio-inspired mineralization of nanostructured TiO2 on PET and FTO films with high surface area and high photocatalytic activity