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CD4 +  T lymphocytes play crucial roles in the adaptive immune system. CD4, as the most effective marker to delineate the T-helper subsets, was identified in many fish species. Two CD4 homologs, CD4-1 and CD4-2, have been reported in flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ). In this study, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CD4-1 and CD4-2 of flounder were produced, CD4 +  T lymphocytes were isolated and identified, and the variations in CD4 +  and CD8 +  T lymphocytes and IgM +  B lymphocytes after Poly I:C, PMA or β-glucan stimulation were investigated. Then, the expression of transcription factors and cytokines in sorted CD4 +  T lymphocytes was analyzed. The results showed that the mAbs were specific to flounder CD4-1 +  and CD4-2 +  T cells. CD4-1 +  and CD4-2 +  cells responded to all three stimulants, while CD8 +  T lymphocytes only give a strong response to Poly I:C, and the percentages of IgM +  B lymphocytes showed a tendency to increase. After stimulation, the expression of transcription factors and cytokines of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells varied in CD4 +  T cells. These results will provide crucial foundations for the differentiation and function of teleost CD4 +  T lymphocytes.

scientific reports

Kinetics of T lymphocyte subsets and B lymphocytes in response to immunostimulants in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus): implications for CD4+ T lymphocyte differentiation