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Gut microbiota participates in diverse metabolic and homeostatic functions related to health and well-being. Its composition varies between individuals, and depends on factors related to host and microbial communities, which need to adapt to utilize various nutrients present in gut environment. We profiled fecal microbiota in 63 healthy adult individuals using metaproteomics, and focused on microbial CAZy (carbohydrate-active) enzymes involved in glycan foraging. We identified two distinct CAZy profiles, one with many  Bacteroides- derived CAZy in more than one-third of subjects (n = 25), and it associated with high abundance of  Bacteroides  in most subjects. In a smaller subset of donors (n = 8) with dietary parameters similar to others, microbiota showed intense expression of  Prevotella -derived CAZy including exo-beta-(1,4)-xylanase, xylan-1,4-beta-xylosidase, alpha- l -arabinofuranosidase and several other CAZy belonging to glycosyl hydrolase families involved in digestion of complex plant-derived polysaccharides. This associated invariably with high abundance of  Prevotella  in gut microbiota, while in subjects with lower abundance of  Prevotella , microbiota showed no  Prevotella- derived CAZy. Identification of  Bacteroides-  and  Prevotella- derived CAZy in microbiota proteome and their association with differences in microbiota composition are in evidence of individual variation in metabolic specialization of gut microbes affecting their colonizing competence.

A carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) profile links successful metabolic specialization of Prevotella to its abundance in gut microbiota