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The complete plastome sequences of six species were sequenced to better understand the evolutionary relationships and mutation patterns in the chloroplast genome of the genus  Colobanthus . The length of the chloroplast genome sequences of  C. acicularis ,  C. affinis ,  C. lycopodioides ,  C. nivicola ,  C. pulvinatus  and  C. subulatus  ranged from 151,050 to 151,462 bp. The quadripartite circular structure of these genome sequences has the same overall organization and gene content with 73 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, four rRNA genes and five conserved chloroplast open reading frames. A total of 153 repeat sequences were revealed. Forward repeats were dominant, whereas complementary repeats were found only in  C. pulvinatus . The mononucleotide SSRs composed of A/T units were most common, and hexanucleotide SSRs were detected least often. Eleven highly variable regions which could be utilized as potential markers for phylogeny reconstruction, species identification or phylogeography were identified within  Colobanthus  chloroplast genomes. Seventy-three protein-coding genes were used in phylogenetic analyses. Reconstructed phylogeny was consistent with the systematic position of the studied species, and the representatives of the same genus were grouped in one clade. All studied  Colobanthus  species formed a single group and  C. lycopodioides  was least similar to the remaining species.

Evolutionary dynamics of the chloroplast genome sequences of six Colobanthus species