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The topical application of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is recognized as a useful approach to improve skin health. This work aims to characterize by a multidisciplinary approach, the wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-pathogens and proteomic effects of six LAB lysates, belonging to the genus  Lactobacillus . Our results demonstrated that the lysates of tested LAB stimulated the proliferation of keratinocytes, and that  L. plantarum  SGL 07 and  L. salivarius  SGL 19 accelerated the re-epithelization by inducing keratinocyte migration. The bacterial lysates also reduced the secretion of specific pro-inflammatory mediators from keratinocytes. Furthermore, viable  L. salivarius  SGL 19 and  L. fermentum  SGL 10 had anti-pathogenic effects against  S. aureus  and  S. pyogenes , while  L. brevis  SGL 12 and  L. paracasei  SGL 04 inhibited  S. aureus  and  S. pyogenes , respectively. The tested lactobacilli lysates also induced specific proteome modulation of the exposed keratinocytes, involving dysregulation of proteins (such as interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2 and ATP-dependent RNA helicase) and pathways (such as cytokine, NF-kB, Hedgehog, and RUNX signaling) associated with their specific wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects. This study indicates the different potential of selected lactobacilli, suggesting that they may be successfully used in the future together with conventional therapies to bring relief from skin disorders.

Exploring the wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-pathogenic and proteomic effects of lactic acid bacteria on keratinocytes