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Most published sleep studies use three species: human, house mouse, or Norway rat. The degree to which data from these species captures variability in mammalian sleep remains unclear. To gain insight into mammalian sleep diversity, we examined sleep architecture in the spiny basal murid rodent  Acomys cahirinus . First, we used a piezoelectric system validated for  Mus musculus  to monitor sleep in both species. We also included wild  M. musculus  to control for alterations generated by laboratory-reared conditions for  M. musculus . Using this comparative framework, we found that  A. cahirinus , lab  M. musculus,  and wild  M. musculus  were primarily nocturnal, but exhibited distinct behavioral patterns. Although the activity of  A. cahirinus  increased sharply at dark onset, it decreased sharply just two hours later under group and individual housing conditions. To further characterize sleep patterns and sleep-related variables, we set up EEG/EMG and video recordings and found that  A. cahirinus  sleep significantly more than  M. musculus , exhibit nearly three times more REM, and sleep almost exclusively with their eyes open. The observed differences in  A. cahirinus  sleep architecture raise questions about the evolutionary drivers of sleep behavior .

A comparative study of sleep and diurnal patterns in house mouse (Mus musculus) and Spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus)