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Antibiotic resistance poses one of the greatest threats to global health today; conventional drug therapies are becoming increasingly inefficacious and limited. We identified 16 medicinal plant species used by traditional healers for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases in the Greater Mpigi region of Uganda. Extracts were evaluated for their ability to inhibit growth of clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens. Extracts were also screened for quorum quenching activity against  S. aureus , including direct protein output assessment (δ-toxin), and cytotoxicity against human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Putative matches of compounds were elucidated via LC–FTMS for the best-performing extracts. These were extracts of  Zanthoxylum chalybeum  ( Staphylococcus aureus : MIC: 16 μg/mL;  Enterococcus faecium : MIC: 32 μg/mL) and  Harungana madagascariensis  ( S. aureus : MIC: 32 μg/mL;  E. faecium : MIC: 32 μg/mL) stem bark. Extracts of  Solanum aculeastrum  root bark and  Sesamum calycinum subsp. angustifolium  leaves exhibited strong quorum sensing inhibition activity against all  S. aureus  accessory gene regulator ( agr ) alleles in absence of growth inhibition (IC 50  values: 1–64 μg/mL). The study provided scientific evidence for the potential therapeutic efficacy of these medicinal plants in the Greater Mpigi region used for infections and wounds, with 13 out of 16 species tested being validated with in vitro studies.

Targeting ESKAPE pathogens with anti-infective medicinal plants from the Greater Mpigi region in Uganda