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Uridine diphosphate glucose dehydrogenases (UGDHs) are critical for synthesizing many nucleotide sugars and help promote the carbohydrate metabolism related to cell wall synthesis. In plants, UGDHs are encoded by a small gene family. Genome-wide analyses of these genes have been conducted in  Glycine max  and  Arabidopsis thaliana , however, the  UGDH  gene family has not been comprehensively and systematically investigated in moso bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis ), which is a special woody grass monocotyledonous species. In this study, we identified nine putative  PeUGDH  genes. Furthermore, analysis of gene duplication events and divergences revealed that the expansion of the  PeUGDH  family was mainly due to segmental and tandem duplications approximately 4.76–83.16 million years ago. An examination of tissue-specific  PeUGDH  expression indicated that more than 77% of the genes were predominantly expressed in the stem. Based on relative expression levels among  PeUGDH  members in different tissues in moso bamboo,  PeUGDH4  was selected for detailed analysis. The results of subcellular localization indicated that PeUGDH4-GFP fusion proteins was observed to be localized in the cytoplasm. The ectopic overexpression of  PeUGDH4  in  Arabidopsis  significantly increased the contents of hemicellulose and soluble sugar, suggesting that  PeUGDH4  acts as a key enzyme involved in bamboo cell wall synthesis.

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Genome-wide identification and characterization of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase family genes in moso bamboo and functional analysis of PeUGDH4 in hemicellulose synthesis