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In Enterobacterales, the most common carbapenemases are Ambler’s class A (KPC-like), class B (NDM-, VIM- or IMP-like) or class D (OXA-48-like) enzymes. This study describes the characterization of twenty-four OXA-23 or OXA-58 producing- Proteus mirabilis  isolates recovered from human and veterinary samples from France and Belgium. Twenty-two  P. mirabilis  isolates producing either OXA-23 (n = 21) or OXA-58 (n = 1), collected between 2013 and 2018, as well as 2 reference strains isolated in 1996 and 2015 were fully sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 22 of the 24 isolates, including the isolate from 1996, belonged to a single lineage that has disseminated in humans and animals over a long period of time. The  bla  OXA-23  gene was located on the chromosome and was part of a composite transposon, Tn 6703 , bracketed by two copies of IS 15∆II . Sequencing using Pacbio long read technology of OXA-23-producing  P. mirabilis  VAC allowed the assembly of a 55.5-kb structure encompassing the  bla  OXA-23  gene in that isolate. By contrast to the  bla  OXA-23  genes, the  bla  OXA-58  gene of  P. mirabilis  CNR20130297 was identified on a 6-kb plasmid. The acquisition of the  bla  OXA-58  gene on this plasmid involved XerC-XerD recombinases. Our results suggest that a major clone of OXA-23-producing  P. mirabilis  is circulating in France and Belgium since 1996.

A single Proteus mirabilis lineage from human and animal sources: a hidden reservoir of OXA-23 or OXA-58 carbapenemases in Enterobacterales