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The release of rhizodeposits differs depending on the root position and is closely related to the assimilated carbon (C) supply. Therefore, quantifying the C partitioning over a short period may provide crucial information for clarifying root–soil carbon metabolism. A non-invasive method for visualising the translocation of recently assimilated C into the root system inside the rhizobox was established using  11 CO 2  labelling and the positron-emitting tracer imaging system. The spatial distribution of recent  11 C-photoassimilates translocated and released in the root system and soil were visualised for white lupin ( Lupinus albus ) and soybean ( Glycine max ). The inputs of the recently assimilated C in the entire root that were released into the soil were approximately 0.3%–2.9% for white lupin within 90 min and 0.9%–2.3% for soybean within 65 min, with no significant differences between the two plant species; however, the recently assimilated C of lupin was released at high concentrations in specific areas (hotspots), whereas that of soybean was released uniformly in the soil. Our method enabled the quantification of the spatial C allocations in roots and soil, which may help to elucidate the relationship between C metabolism and nutrient cycling at specific locations of the root–soil system in response to environmental conditions over relatively short periods.

Visualising spatio-temporal distributions of assimilated carbon translocation and release in root systems of leguminous plants