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Cesium–137 is one of the most abundant anthropogenic radionuclides released by atmospheric nuclear testing and nuclear accidents, and accordingly it may significantly impact the health of humans and marine environmental eco–systems. Documenting the distribution and inventory of  137 Cs is thus a crucial task. In this study, we collected a large number of datasets with field observations of  137 Cs in the China Seas, in order to provide an in–depth understanding of  137 Cs budgets and distributions. The activity and inventory of  137 Cs in China Seas’ sediments showed large spatial variations, related to the  137 Cs source, sedimentation rates and the mineral composition of sediments. The  137 Cs concentration in sediments decreased with distance from the shore, generally tracing the distribution of sedimentation rates. High  137 Cs inventories in the water column indicated a high solubility and long mean residence times. The mean residence times of  137 Cs in the China Seas were determined to be 45.6 ± 3.8 years for the South China Sea (SCS), 36.8 ± 3.1 years for the East China Sea (ECS), and 12.0 ± 1.0 years for the Yellow Sea (YS). A  137 Cs mass balance suggests that oceanic input from the north Pacific is the dominant  137 Cs source to the China Seas, contributing about 96.9% of this substance. Furthermore, the bulk of  137 Cs remains dissolved in the SCS water column, while  137 Cs is mostly deposited to the sediments of the ECS and the YS. This new compilation of the activity level and inventory of  137 Cs help to establish background levels for future  137 Cs studies in the China Seas.

Distribution and budget of 137Cs in the China Seas