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Honey bees and bumble bees belong to the same family (Apidae) and their workers exhibit a division of labor, but the style of division of labor differs between species. The molecular and neural bases of the species-specific social behaviors of Apidae workers have not been analyzed. Here, we focused on two immediate early genes,  hormone receptor 38  ( HR38 ) and  early growth response gene-1  ( Egr1 ), and late-upregulated  ecdysone receptor  ( EcR ), all of which are upregulated by foraging flight and expressed preferentially in the small-type Kenyon cells of the mushroom bodies (MBs) in the honey bee brain. Gene expression analyses in  Bombus ignitus  revealed that  HR38  and  Egr1 , but not  EcR , exhibited an immediate early response during awakening from CO 2  anesthesia. Both premature mRNA for  HR38  and mature mRNA for  Egr1  were induced during foraging flight, and mRNAs for  HR38  and  Egr1  were sparsely detected inside the whole MB calyces. In contrast,  EcR  expression was higher in forager brains than in nurse bees and was expressed preferentially in the small-type Kenyon cells inside the MBs. Our findings suggest that Kenyon cells are active during foraging flight and that the function of late-upregulated  EcR  in the brain is conserved among these Apidae species.

Neural activity mapping of bumble bee (Bombus ignitus) brains during foraging flight using immediate early genes