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To analyze longitudinal changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thicknesses over time in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusion (RVO). A total of 47 patients with unilateral RVO and 47 healthy controls were enrolled. The mean and sectoral pRNFL thicknesses were measured using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography at 1 year intervals, and followed for 3 years. Linear mixed models were performed to calculate and compare the reduction rates of pRNFL thicknesses over time. The mean pRNFL thickness decreased significantly during the 3-year follow-up, with a significant decrease over time in both groups. The reduction rate in mean pRNFL thicknesses was −0.41 μm/year in the control group and −0.68 μm/year in the fellow eyes of RVO group, and the decrease was significantly higher in the fellow eyes of RVO group than in the control group ( p  < 0.001). Using a multivariate linear mixed model, age (estimate: −0.41,  p  = 0.011) and hypertension (HTN) (estimate: −6.51,  p  = 0.014) were significantly associated with the reduction in mean pRNFL thicknesses in fellow eyes of RVO group. The fellow eyes of RVO patients showed a greater reduction in pRNFL thickness over time than normal controls. Age and HTN should be considered as factors to decrease the pRNFL thickness over time in fellow eyes of RVO group.

Longitudinal changes in the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in the fellow eyes of unilateral retinal vein occlusion