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Insulin analogue X10 has a higher mitogenic potency than native human insulin  in vitro  and supra-pharmacological doses of insulin X10 increased the incidence of mammary tumours in rats. Compared to native human insulin, insulin X10 has increased binding affinity to the insulin receptor and the IGF-1 receptor, but it is not known whether either or both characteristics are important for stimulation of cell proliferation  in vivo . The aim of this study was to explore how increased binding affinity to the insulin receptor or the IGF-1 receptor contributes to stimulation of cell proliferation  in vivo . A mouse xenograft model was established with rat L6 myoblast cells transfected with the human insulin receptor (L6hIR cells) and effects of supra-pharmacological doses of native human insulin, insulin X10 or novel insulin analogues with increased binding affinity to either the insulin receptor or the IGF-1 receptor were examined. Treatment with insulin X10 and insulin analogues with increased binding affinity to either the insulin receptor or the IGF-1 receptor increased growth of L6hIR cell xenografts significantly compared to native human insulin. Thus, increased binding affinity to the insulin receptor and the IGF-1 receptor are each independently linked to increased growth of L6hIR cell xenografts  in vivo .

Increased insulin receptor binding and increased IGF-1 receptor binding are linked with increased growth of L6hIR cell xenografts in vivo