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Helicobacter pylori  colonization may affect the mucosal immune system through modification of microbiota composition and their interactions with the host. We hypothesized that maternal  H. pylori  status affects the maternal intestinal microbiota of both mother and newborn. In this study, we determine the structure of the fecal microbiota in mothers and neonates according to maternal  H. pylori  status and delivery mode. We included 22 mothers and  H. pylori  infection was determined by fecal antigen test. Eleven mothers (50%) were  H. pylori -positive (7 delivering vaginally and 4 by C-section), and 11 were negative (6 delivering vaginally and 5 by C-section). Stool samples were obtained from mothers and infants and the fecal DNA was sequenced. The fecal microbiota from mothers and their babies differed by the maternal  H. pylori  status, only in vaginal birth, not in C-section delivery. All 22 infants tested negative for fecal  H. pylori  at 15 days of age, but those born vaginally –and not those by C-section- showed differences in the infant microbiota by maternal  H. pylori  status (PERMANOVA, p = 0.01), with higher abundance of  Enterobacteriaceae  and  Veillonella , in those born to  H. pylori -positive mothers. In conclusion, the structure of the infant fecal microbiota is affected by the maternal  H. pylori  status only in infants born vaginally, suggesting that the effect could be mediated by labor and birth exposures.

Maternal H. pylori is associated with differential fecal microbiota in infants born by vaginal delivery