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Biological control against malaria and its transmission is currently a considerable challenge. Plant-associated bacteria of the genus  Asaia  are frequently found in nectarivorous arthropods, they thought to have a natural indirect action on the development of plasmodium in mosquitoes. However, virtually nothing is known about its natural cycle. Here, we show the role of nectar-producing plants in the hosting and dissemination of  Asaia . We isolated  Asaia  strains from wild mosquitoes and flowers in Senegal and demonstrated the transmission of the bacteria from infected mosquitoes to sterile flowers and then to 26.6% of noninfected mosquitoes through nectar feeding. Thus, nectar-producing plants may naturally acquire  Asaia  and then colonize  Anopheles  mosquitoes through food-borne contamination. Finally,  Asaia  may play an indirect role in the reduction in the vectorial capacity of  Anopheles  mosquitoes in a natural environment (due to  Plasmodium -antagonistic capacities of  Asaia ) and be used in the development of tools for  Asaia -based paratransgenetic malaria control.

Role of plants in the transmission of Asaia sp., which potentially inhibit the Plasmodium sporogenic cycle in Anopheles mosquitoes