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In  Pseudomonas aeruginosa , the transition between planktonic and biofilm lifestyles is modulated by the intracellular secondary messenger cyclic dimeric-GMP (c-di-GMP) in response to environmental conditions. Here, we used gene deletions to investigate how the environmental stimulus nitric oxide (NO) is linked to biofilm dispersal, focusing on biofilm dispersal phenotype from proteins containing putative c-di-GMP turnover and Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) sensory domains. We document opposed physiological roles for the genes Δ rbdA  and Δ pa2072  that encode proteins with identical domain structure: while Δ rbdA  showed elevated c-di-GMP levels, restricted motility and promoted biofilm formation, c-di-GMP levels were decreased in Δ pa2072 , and biofilm formation was inhibited, compared to wild type. A second pair of genes, Δ fimX  and Δ dipA , were selected on the basis of predicted impaired c-di-GMP turnover function: Δ fimX  showed increased, Δ dipA  decreased NO induced biofilm dispersal, and the genes effected different types of motility, with reduced twitching for Δ fimX  and reduced swimming for Δ dipA . For all four deletion mutants we find that NO-induced biomass reduction correlates with increased NO-driven swarming, underlining a significant role for this motility in biofilm dispersal. Hence  P. aeruginosa  is able to differentiate c-di-GMP output using structurally highly related proteins that can contain degenerate c-di-GMP turnover domains.

Differential impact on motility and biofilm dispersal of closely related phosphodiesterases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa