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In this study, Ca 2+  mediated NO signalling was studied in response to metalloid (As) stress in  Brassica  seedlings. Arsenic toxicity strongly suppressed the growth (fresh weight, root and shoot length), photosynthetic pigments, Chl  a  fluorescence indices (Kinetic traits:  F   v  ,  F   m  ,  F   v   /F   o  ,  F   m   /F   o  ,  ФP   o   or  F   v   /F   m  ,  Ψ   o  ,  ФE   o  ,  PI   ABS  ,  Area  and  N  and redox status (AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios) of the cell; whereas energy flux traits:  ABS/RC ,  TR   o   /RC ,  ET   o   /RC  and  DI   o   /RC  along with  F   o  ,  F   o   /F   v  ,  F   o   /F   m  ,  ФD   o   and  S   m  ) were enhanced. Further, addition of EGTA (Ca 2+  scavenger) and LaCl 3  (plasma membrane Ca 2+  channel blocker) to As + Ca; while c‒PTIO (NO scavenger) and  l ‒NAME (NO synthase inhibitor) to As + SNP treated seedlings, siezed recovery on above parameters caused due to Ca 2+  and NO supplementation, respectively to As stressed seedlings thereby indicating their signalling behaviour. Further, to investigate the link between Ca 2+  and NO, when c‒PTIO and  l ‒NAME individually as well as in combination were supplemented to As + Ca treated seedlings; a sharp inhibition in above mentioned traits was observed even in presence of Ca 2+ , thereby signifying that NO plays crucial role in Ca 2+  mediated signalling. In addition, As accumulation, ROS and their indices, antioxidant system, NO accumulation and thiol compounds were also studied that showed varied results.

Interplay of Calcium and Nitric Oxide in improvement of Growth and Arsenic-induced Toxicity in Mustard Seedlings