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Gre, one of the conserved transcription factors in bacteria, modulates RNA polymerase (RNAP) activity to ensure processivity and fidelity of RNA synthesis. Gre factors regulate transcription by inducing the intrinsic-endonucleolytic activity of RNAP, allowing the enzyme to resume transcription from the paused and arrested sites. While  Escherichia coli  and a number of eubacteria harbor GreA and GreB, genus mycobacteria has a single Gre (GreA). To address the importance of the GreA in growth, physiology and gene expression of  Mycobacterium smegmatis , we have constructed a conditional knock-down strain of GreA. The GreA depleted strain exhibited slow growth, drastic changes in cell surface phenotype, cell death, and increased susceptibility to front-line anti-tubercular drugs. Transcripts and 2D-gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) analysis of the GreA conditional knock-down strain showed altered expression of the genes involved in transcription regulation. Among the genes analysed, expression of RNAP subunits (β, β’ and ω),  carD, hupB, lsr2, and nusA  were affected to a large extent. Severe reduction in the expression of genes of rRNA operon in the knock-down strain reveal a role for GreA in regulating the core components of the translation process.

Conditional down-regulation of GreA impacts expression of rRNA and transcription factors, affecting Mycobacterium smegmatis survival