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Malachite green is a common environmental pollutant that poses a great threat to non-target organisms, including humans. This study reports the characterization of a bacterial strain,  Pseudomonas veronii  JW3-6, which was isolated from a malachite green enrichment culture. This strain degraded malachite green efficiently in a wide range of temperature and pH levels. Under optimal degradation conditions (32.4 °C, pH 7.1, and inoculum amount of 2.5 × 10 7  cfu/mL),  P. veronii  JW3-6 could degrade 93.5% of 50 mg/L malachite green within seven days. Five intermediate products from the degradation of malachite green were identified: leucomalachite green, 4-(dimethylamino) benzophenone, 4-dimethylaminophenol, benzaldehyde, and hydroquinone. We propose a possible degradation pathway based on these findings. The present study is the first to report the degradation of malachite green by  P. veronii  and the identification of hydroquinone as a metabolite in the degradation pathway.

Pathway and kinetics of malachite green biodegradation by Pseudomonas veronii