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Pythiosis is a harmful disease caused by  Pythium insidiosum , an aquatic oomycete. Therapeutic protocols based on antifungal drugs are often ineffective because the cytoplasmic membrane of  P. insidiosum  does not contain ergosterol. Therefore, the treatment of pythiosis is still challenging, particularly making use of natural products and secondary metabolites from bacteria. In this study, xanthyletin and substances obtained from  Pseudomonas stutzeri  ST1302 and  Klebsiella pneumoniae  ST2501 exhibited anti- P. insidiosum  activity and, moreover, xanthyletin was non-toxic against human cell lines. The hyphae of  P. insidiosum  treated with these three substances exhibited lysis holes on a rough surface and release of anamorphic material. Therefore, xanthyletin could be considered a promising alternative agent for treating cutaneous pythiosis in the near future.

Evaluation of antifungal effect and toxicity of xanthyletin and two bacterial metabolites against Thai isolates of Pythium insidiosum