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In this epidemiologic study, 16 S rRNA sequencing was used to investigate the changes of diversity and composition profile of gut microbiota resulting from long-term exposure to multiple metals, including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cuprum (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). Due to long-term exposure to various metals, the relative abundances of  Lachnospiraceae ,  Eubacterium eligens ,  Ruminococcaceae  UGG-014,  Erysipelotrichaceae  UCG-003,  Tyzzerella  3,  Bacteroides ,  Slackia ,  italics , and  Roseburia  were found to become much higher, whereas the abundance of  Prevotella 9  presented an opposite trend. Additionally, differences between males and female groups were found, such as the greater richness and evenness of bacteria for men subjected to long-term metal exposure in polluted areas. The changes of men’s microbiomes were more significant as a result of higher daily intake, mining and smelting activity, and living habits. This research presents a new theoretical basis for the correlation between long-term metal exposure and gut health for people living in contaminated areas.

Long-term metal exposure changes gut microbiota of residents surrounding a mining and smelting area