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Comprehensive profiling of actionable mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is vital to guide targeted therapy, thereby improving the survival rate of patients. Despite the high incidence and mortality rate of NSCLC in Vietnam, the actionable mutation profiles of Vietnamese patients have not been thoroughly examined. Here, we employed massively parallel sequencing to identify alterations in major driver genes ( EGFR ,  KRAS, NRAS, BRAF ,  ALK  and  ROS1 ) in 350 Vietnamese NSCLC patients. We showed that the Vietnamese NSCLC patients exhibited mutations most frequently in  EGFR  (35.4%) and  KRAS  (22.6%), followed by  ALK  (6.6%),  ROS1  (3.1%),  BRAF  (2.3%) and  NRAS  (0.6%). Interestingly, the cohort of Vietnamese patients with advanced adenocarcinoma had higher prevalence of  EGFR  mutations than the Caucasian MSK-IMPACT cohort. Compared to the East Asian cohort, it had lower  EGFR  but higher  KRAS  mutation prevalence. We found that  KRAS  mutations were more commonly detected in male patients while  EGFR  mutations was more frequently found in female. Moreover, younger patients (<61 years) had higher genetic rearrangements in  ALK  or  ROS1 . In conclusions, our study revealed mutation profiles of 6 driver genes in the largest cohort of NSCLC patients in Vietnam to date, highlighting significant differences in mutation prevalence to other cohorts.

Actionable Mutation Profiles of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer patients from Vietnamese population