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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection contributes to a considerable proportion of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to predict the prognosis of chronic HBV infection patients precipitating acute HEV infection. A total of 193 patients were enrolled in this study. The performances of three chronic liver disease prognostic models (CTP score, MELD score, and CLIF-C ADs) were analyzed for predicting the development of ACLF following HEV superimposing chronic HBV infection. Subsequently, the performances of five ACLF prognostic assessment models (CTP score, MELD score, CLIF-C ACLFs, CLIF-C OFs, and COSSH-ACLFs) were analyzed for predicting the outcome of those ACLF patients. Of 193 chronic HBV infection patients precipitating acute HEV infection, 13 patients were diagnosed ACLF on admission, 54 patients developed to ACLF after admission, and 126 patients had non-ACLF during the stay in hospital. For predicting the development of ACLF, CTP score yielded a significantly higher AUROC compared with MELD score and CLIF-C ADs (0.92, 0.88, and 0.86, respectively; all  p  < 0.05). For predicting the poor prognosis of ACLF patients, the COSSH-ACLFs yielded a significantly higher AUROC compared with CLIF-C ACLFs, CLIF-C OFs, MELD score, and CTP score (0.89, 0.83, 0.81, 0.67, and 0.58, respectively; all  p  < 0.05). In conclusion, the stepwise application of CTP score and COSSH-ACLFs can predict the prognosis of chronic HBV infection patients precipitating acute HEV infection.

Noninvasive models for predicting poor prognosis of chronic HBV infection patients precipitating acute HEV infection