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Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) have been shown to reduce emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from agricultural soils. However, their N 2 O reduction efficacy varies widely across different agro-ecosystems, and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To investigate effects of the NI 3,4-dimethylpyrazole-phosphate (DMPP) on N-turnover from a pasture and a horticultural soil, we combined the quantification of N 2  and N 2 O emissions with  15 N tracing analysis and the quantification of the N 2 O-reductase gene ( nosZ ) in a soil microcosm study. Nitrogen fertilization suppressed  nosZ  abundance in both soils, showing that high nitrate availability and the preferential reduction of nitrate over N 2 O is responsible for large pulses of N 2 O after the fertilization of agricultural soils. DMPP attenuated this effect only in the horticultural soil, reducing nitrification while increasing  nosZ  abundance. DMPP reduced N 2 O emissions from the horticultural soil by >50% but did not affect overall N 2  + N 2 O losses, demonstrating the shift in the N 2 O:N 2  ratio towards N 2  as a key mechanism of N 2 O mitigation by NIs. Under non-limiting NO 3  −  availability, the efficacy of NIs to mitigate N 2 O emissions therefore depends on their ability to reduce the suppression of the N 2 O reductase by high NO 3  −  concentrations in the soil, enabling complete denitrification to N 2 .

scientific reports

Effect of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on N-turnover, the N2O reductase-gene nosZ and N2O:N2 partitioning from agricultural soils