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Plasmalogens are glycerophospholipids that contain a vinyl ether bond at the sn-1 position of glycerol backbone instead of an ester bond. Plasmalogens are indicated to have many important functions in mammalian cells. On the other hand, it is suggested that some gut microbiota plays many probiotic functions to human health. Presence of plasmalogens in  Clostridium  strains in gut microbiota is well-known, but presence of plasmalogens in  Bifidobacterium longum  ( B. longum ) strain, one of the most important probiotic gut microbiota, has not been reported. We identified plasmalogens in lipid extract from some  B. longum  species, but not from  Bifidobacterium animalis (B. animalis)  species which are another important strain of probiotic  bifidobacteria . Major phospholipid classes of plasmalogens in  B. longum  species were cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. Almost all of the phospholipids from  B. longum  examined were indicated to be plasmalogens. Although major phospholipid classes of plasmalogens in human brain and major phospholipid classes of plasmalogens in  B. longum  are different, it is interesting to note that many reported functions of microbiota-gut-brain axis on human neurodegenerative diseases and those functions of plasmalogens on neurodegenerative diseases are overlapped. The presence of plasmalogens in  B. longum  species may play important roles for many probiotic effects of  B. longum  to human health.

Identification of plasmalogens in Bifidobacterium longum, but not in Bifidobacterium animalis