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Foxp3 +  T-regulatory (Treg) cells are capable of suppressing immune responses. Lysine acetylation is a key mechanism of post-translational control of various transcription factors, and when acetylated, Foxp3 is stabilized and transcriptionally active. Therefore, understanding the roles of various histone/protein deacetylases (HDAC) are key to promoting Treg-based immunotherapy. Several of the 11 classical HDAC enzymes are necessary for optimal Treg function while others are dispensable. We investigated the effect of HDAC10 in murine Tregs. HDAC10 deletion had no adverse effect on the health of mice, which retained normal CD4 +  and CD8 +  T cell function. However, HDAC10 −/−  Treg exhibited increased suppressive function  in vitro  and  in vivo . C57BL/6 Rag1 −/−  mice adoptively transferred with HDAC10 −/−  but not wild Treg, were protected from developing colitis. HDAC10 −/−  but not wild-type mice receiving fully MHC-mismatched cardiac transplants became tolerant and showed long-term allograft survival (>100 d). We conclude that targeting of HDAC10 may be of therapeutic value for inflammatory disorders including colitis and also for transplantation.

HDAC10 deletion promotes Foxp3+ T-regulatory cell function