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To address the problem of marine pollution from discarded plastics, we developed a highly biodegradable woody film, with almost the same components as wood, from the formic acid solution of ball-milled wood. We found that the woody film was not easily degraded by cultured solution of hand bacteria (phylum  Proteobacteria  was dominant). However, the film was easily biodegraded when in cultured solution of soil ( Firmicutes , especially class  Bacilli , was dominant) for 4 weeks at 37 °C, or when buried in the soil itself, both under aerobic conditions ( Acidobacteria  and  Proteobacteria  were dominant) for 40 days at room temperature and under anaerobic conditions ( Firmicutes , especially family  Ruminococcaceae , was dominant) for 5 weeks at 37 °C. Moreover, when film was buried in the soil, more carbon dioxide was generated than from soil alone. Therefore, the film was not only brittle but formed of decomposable organic matter. We showed that the film does not decompose at the time of use when touched by the hand, but it decomposes easily when buried in the soil after use. We suggest that this biodegradable woody film can be used as a sustainable raw material in the future.

Biodegradability of woody film produced by solvent volatilisation of Japanese Beech solution