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Basidioradulum  was morphologically considered to be a synonym of  Xylodon . Here, its independence within  Hymenochaetales  is confirmed from a phylogenetic perspective.  Basidioradulum radula , the generic type, is widely distributed in Northern Hemisphere. Two Southern Hemisphere species close to  B. radula  are newly described as  B. mayi  and  B. tasmanicum , respectively, from Victoria and Tasmania, Australia.  Basidioradulum mayi  differs from  B. radula  by lack of cystidia. Moreover, the hymenial surface of  B. radula  is normally much more strongly hydnoid than that of  B. mayi .  Basidioradulum tasmanicum  is distinct from  B. radula  and  B. mayi  by having capitate cystidia, ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores, and crystal-covered hyphae. Although morphologically distinct, the two new species isolated by Bass Strait have an almost identical ITS region, and could not be differentiated by nLSU- and ITS-based phylogenetic analyses. This case reminds us that basing phylogeny simply on the ITS as a barcode region may underestimate fungal species diversity.

Basidioradulum mayi and B. tasmanicum spp. nov. (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) from both sides of Bass Strait, Australia