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Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes double-stranded RNA derived from virus and its synthetic analogue, polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)]. Upon poly(I:C) binding, TLR3 activates transcription factors to express inflammatory cytokines and type I interferon. TLR3 is located in the endosomes and its recognition of poly(I:C) and activation of downstream signaling is regulated by endosomal acidification. However, the mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation in TLR3-mediated innate responses remains unclear. Here, we focused on Human antigen R (HuR, also known as ELAVL1) that recognizes and binds to the 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs) of target mRNAs, thereby protecting them from mRNA degradation, and found that HuR-deficient murine macrophage cells showed significantly reduced  Ifnb1  mRNA expression after poly(I:C) stimulation. HuR-deficient cells also showed a marked reduction in the expression of  Atp6v0d2  mRNA, which encodes a subunit of vacuolar-type H +  ATPase (V-ATPase), and therefore reduced endosomal acidification. HuR associated with the 3′UTR of  Atp6v0d2  mRNA and the stability of  Atp6v0d2  mRNA was maintained by its association with HuR. Taken together, our results suggest that HuR stabilizes  Atp6v0d2  mRNA, which is required for the TLR3-mediated innate immune responses.

Innate immune responses through Toll-like receptor 3 require human-antigen-R-mediated Atp6v0d2 mRNA stabilization