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Evidence showed preventive impacts of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission amomg heterosexual population, however, that is of deficit among men who have sex with men (MSM). The aim was to systematically examine the efficacy of HAART on HIV transmission and the association between the HAART initiation and unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in MSM population. Three electronic databases were fully searched for articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 1996 and 2017. Of 1616 identified articles, fifteen articles were eligible for meta-analyses. The summary incidence rate (IR) of HIV was 6.63/100 person-year (95%CI 2.06–11.20/100 person-year)(p = 0.004). The pooled per-contact rate (PCR) of HIV was 0.42% (95% CI 0.21–0.63%)(p < 0.05). The HAART initiation (vs non-HAART) was not associated with engaging in UAI, with odds ratio (OR) 1.09 (95% CI 0.90–1.34)(p > 0.05). In the stratified analysis, participants with no less than 6 months recall period was slightly more likely to engage in UAI (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.01–1.74)(p < 0.05). It indicated that HAART has potential efficacy on reducing infectivity of HIV positive individuals in anal intercourses. The relationship between the HAART initiation and UAI was not significant and may be influenced by some social-demographic factors. Consistent condom use and education on safe sex among MSM are crucial.

A meta-analysis of the efficacy of HAART on HIV transmission and its impact on sexual risk behaviours among men who have sex with men