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The fate of  Leishmania  infection can be strongly influenced by the host genetic background. In this work, we describe gene expression modulation of the immune system based on dual global transcriptome profiles of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice infected with  Leishmania amazonensis . A total of 12,641 host transcripts were identified according to the alignment to the  Mus musculus  genome. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) profiling revealed a differential modulation of the basal genetic background between the two hosts independent of  L. amazonensis  infection. In addition, in response to early  L. amazonensis  infection, 10 genes were modulated in infected BALB/c  vs . non-infected BALB/c macrophages; and 127 genes were modulated in infected C57BL/6  vs . non-infected C57BL/6 macrophages. These modulated genes appeared to be related to the main immune response processes, such as recognition, antigen presentation, costimulation and proliferation. The distinct gene expression was correlated with the susceptibility and resistance to infection of each host. Furthermore, upon comparing the DEGs in BMDMs  vs . peritoneal macrophages, we observed no differences in the gene expression patterns of  Jun ,  Fcgr1  and  Il1b , suggesting a similar activation trends of transcription factor binding, recognition and phagocytosis, as well as the proinflammatory cytokine production in response to early  L. amazonensis  infection. Analysis of the DEG profile of the parasite revealed only one DEG among the 8,282 transcripts, indicating that parasite gene expression in early infection does not depend on the host genetic background.

Differential immune response modulation in early Leishmania amazonensis infection of BALB/c and C57BL/6 macrophages based on transcriptome profiles