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Porphyromonas gingivalis  infection can lead to periodontitis and dysbiosis, which are known risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated whether  P. gingivalis  administration affected bone regeneration in mice with or without arthritis. We administered  P. gingivalis  to male DBA/1 J mice that were or were not sensitised to type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). All mice underwent drilling of bilateral femurs. We histologically evaluated new bone regeneration (bone volume of the defect [BVd]/tissue volume of the defect [TVd]) using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), osteoclast number/bone area, and active osteoblast surface/bone surface (Ob.S/BS). We measured serum cytokine levels and bone mineral density of the proximal tibia using micro-CT. CIA resulted in significantly reduced bone regeneration (BVd/TVd) at all time-points, whereas  P. gingivalis  administration showed similar effects at 2 weeks postoperatively. CIA resulted in higher osteoclast number/bone area and lower Ob.S/BS at 2 and 3 weeks postoperatively, respectively. However,  P. gingivalis  administration resulted in lower Ob.S/BS only at 2 weeks postoperatively. During later-stage bone regeneration, CIA and  P. gingivalis  administration synergistically decreased BVd/TVd, increased serum tumour necrosis factor-α, and resulted in the lowest bone mineral density. Therefore, RA and dysbiosis could be risk factors for prolonged fracture healing.

Experimental arthritis and Porphyromonas gingivalis administration synergistically decrease bone regeneration in femoral cortical defects